5 fish you will probably meet on a Hawaiian reef

Rebekah Kaufmann • April 29, 2025

Exploring the underwater world for the first time can be life changing!! 

Becoming a snorkeler or Scuba diver can open up an entire new world of discovery. As a long time scuba diver I’ve become a self proclaimed fish nerd. I’ve dated each picture in the Hoover fish of Hawaii book hoovers ultimate book for when I first spotted a species. I know the different stages fish go though as they age making them look completely different from juvenile to adult like the Coris wrasse and the Dragon wrasse.


I’d say this is one of the main reasons snorkeling and diving are such life long addictive sports. There’s always more to explore, find, and learn about the depths of the ocean. 



I still remember my first snorkel in Hawaii and the fish I saw that still impress me every time I scuba dive or snorkel. If you are just beginning your snorkeling adventures and want to start learning about what you are seeing here is a list of fish with their common and Hawaiian names that you will see on Hawaiis reef and what makes them special.

#1 Moorish Idol 

Hawaiian name: kihikihi

This hard to miss beauty is often mistaken for a butterfly fish but it is actually the only fish in its family Zanclidae. Its closest relative is the surgeon fish but it lacks the dorsal spine of the surgeon family. This fishes delicate small pointy mouth is perfect for feeding on sponges and is often found upside down on the roofs of caves or foraging in the shallows on the reef. 

#2 Parrot Fish 

Hawaiian name: uhu

There are many species of parrot fish in Hawaii and they change coloration from juvenile to adult. Males  and females also have different coloration so these can be a tricky group to identify. Parrot fish behavior though is interesting to watch. Parrotfish feed on coral polyps and so they eat by taking bites from coral with their strong beak like mouth. You can hear the crunch as they munch the reef before your eyes. After they process the nutrients from the coral they break down and excrete the coral as white sand that they poop out to form much of Hawaiian beaches. Great thing to think about on your next beach nap. 

#3 Longnose Butterflyfish

Hawaiian name:  lau-wiliwili-nukunuku‘oi‘oi

If a fish can pull off being cool this is the one. These stunning butterfly fish have spiky fins along the top of their body and a long snout. There are technically 2 varieties long nose and forceps butterfly though they look very similar. On the big island and especially the kohala Coast you may get lucky and  see this fish go into a black color phase or even in transition between yellow and black. It’s not completely understood why they do this but the black lava rock terrain of the big island suggests perhaps it’s for camouflage. 

#4 Yellow Tang

Hawaiian name: lau’ipala

Everything about this fish is yellow. Except its tiny white scalpel at the base of its tail. This sharp spike shows it to be part of the surgeon fish family. This family of fish can use their sharp  “scalpel” to protect them from predators. 



These reef beauties are very important residents as they feed on algae that could otherwise harm the reef. All reef systems need a delicate balance of residents to balance its health. The yellow tang is the most captured fish for the aquarium trade and this has caused stress for Hawaiis reefs. All reef fish are best left in the ocean to keep system thriving as a whole ecosphere. 

#5 Hawaiian Cleaner Wrasse 

Hawaiian name: none known

These hard working industrious  fish are guaranteed underwater entertainment. Their daily diet consists of mucus, fish scales and ectoparasites. They find these food sources by advertising grooming services. Fish will literally line up to get there turn at the local cleaner wrasse salon and these “businesses” often stay in the same locale day after day. 

These are just 5 of the hundreds of amazing fish you will encounter when you snorkel or dive in the reefs of Hawaii. Be sure to pick get a great fish identification book like book hoovers ultimate to learn to identify the fish that you see when you snorkel or dive. Knowing which fish are less common and why they behave like they do all leads to your time in the water being more meaningful and memorable. 

A scubapro scuba diver is swimming in the ocean
By Rebekah Kaufmann June 25, 2025
I began my journey into Scuba as a very nervous participant. I did not consider myself a very adventurous person and was coerced by a significant other to try Scuba. I was living in the pacific Northwest. Surrounded by cold and mysterious salt water bays, sounds and canals. I was fascinated by everything about the underwater world except going into an environment inhospitable to human life. When I finally was convinced to sign up for an open water scuba class I was terrified. I read the PADI manual cover to cover twice before the first class (this was before eLearning existed) I was sure there was so much technical skill and memorization I’d need to master to make it out alive from my first dive. The night before my first session I called the instructor to tell him this just wasn’t for me. I was terrified and I was pretty sure I did not have the ability to survive the pool session the next day. He asked me to please give it a try. He didn’t want to break his record of no student quitting on him and would I just get in the pool and see what happens. No pressure to continue after that. I reluctantly agreed. I over thought every skill in the pool and awkwardly made it through the skills development sessions. My instructor kept reminding me “relax this is fun”. So far to me the stress of getting it right was over shadowing any fun to be had. The weekend finally came to do the open water check out dives. We were going to a popular “easy” shore diving spot called Illahee state park. It was a pebble beach with a long wooden dock with tall tar covered pilings with muscles and seaweed growing off of the stretches exposed from the low tide. It was early fall so air temperature was mild but still we poured ourselves into double layer 7mm farmer John style wetsuits to keep warm In the frigid 44 degree water of the puget sound. 7 mm hoods gloves and boots and I no longer felt, looked or moved like a human. Our class of 5 waddled towards the sea fins in hand following our instructor and his assistant. As we donned Fin’s and defogged our masks I was mildly panicking trying to reenact everything I’d learned and imagining (dreading) going below the black surface of this frigid water. The plan was to start descending near a piling for reference. We did our buddy checks. BWRAF which of course I’d memorized from my panic studying. The other students raised their deflators. And carelessly dropped below with the dive pros. I added more air to my BC and started to cry. The assistant instructor stayed below with the other comfortable divers and my instructor re emerged from below. Did you forget which button to push to release air he asked? “No” I said “but I think I’m pretty cozy right here. Did you see how pretty the sky is today? Up here. Where we can breathe air? Without monitoring it? “ He laughed and asked if we could just put our regulators in and hold the pier and just let our heads go under. See what it’s like down there. No pressure. We can come right back up. Well ok I could handle that. As I released the air from the BC I found I didn’t drop out of control like I’d feared. In fact I could control it by exhaling. I was still pretty wide eyed and in my head but it was ok. Then Jim my instructor pointed at the piling. There on a slimy black mound of algae was the most fluttery, colorful nudibranch you could imagine. Just slowly sliming his way along the pier. He had spiral spikes coming from his head and soft feathers coming from his back. I’d never seen anything like it. I moved closer and saw scattered below that was starfish in multiple colors laying over each other in a kaleidoscope of colors. Below that anemones opened and closed as they swayed in a gentle back and forth motion. Keeping to his word Jim gave me the thumbs up to signal we could kick back to the surface from the 8 feet we’d descended. Before I could even get the regulator out of my mouth I was babbling about how cool the slug was and did he see the starfish and what was that soft sock looking thing with tentacles. I was giddy. He just smiled. Want to join the others for open water dive one. YES. Once I got out of my head I enjoyed every minute under water. The sinking descent controlled by an exhale. The tiniest touch to your Bouyancy device allowing you to position and stay weightless. The ease of sipping just the air you need without thought. The sound of bubbles that take over the chatter from above. I’d found my happy place and I’ve never looked back. Fast forward 25 years later and I own a PADI 5 star dive business on the big Island of Hawaii. I’ve worked as a dive instructor for my entire career and now get to provide an environment for other budding instructors to live their passion and bring more new divers into the world of SCUBA. To this day my favorite part of teaching diving is to those that it doesn’t come easily to. Bring me your terrified, your nervous, your overthinking land lovers that are curious about what it’s like beneath the sea and willing to try something they are scared of. When my good friend Christine expressed interest in giving diving a try I was drop jawed. Since I’d known her she could barely get on a boat. Swimming in a 4 foot swimming pool conjured up fears of the megaladon for her. Perfect I thought. I’m always up for a challenge.  Her drive to learn scuba was to be part of her family’s adventures since they were divers. Also she wanted to prove to herself she could face her fears. For many fear of deep water runs deep. Since it’s my passion to help new divers overcome fears and find peace underwater I wanted to learn more about where these fears come from. Here are the main reasons people fear deep water:
A pair of serene scuba diving goggles laying on a hawaiian towel
April 7, 2025
Is this you?!?! Do you exhale in your socially-distant mask and fog your glasses? Well, the people who de-fog your scuba mask have some advice:
A sea turtle is swimming in the ocean next to a scuba diver.
April 7, 2025
You’ll see postcards and tee shirts, mugs and candy bars, signage and paintings all over the islands…the honu is one of the predominant symbols of Hawaii.